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Title: Relação do formidavel, e lastimoso terremoto succedido no Reino de Valença
       No dia 23 de Março deste presente anno de 1748 pelas 6.
       horas, e tres quartos da manhã

Author: Anonymous

Release Date: December 6, 2006 [EBook #20042]

Language: Portuguese

Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RELA‡AO DO FORMIDAVEL ***




Produced by Rita Farinha and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team. The images for this file were generously
made available by Biblioteca Nacional Digital
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Relaçaõ do formidavel, e lastimoso Terremoto succedido no Reino de
Valença

No dia 23 de Março deste presente anno de 1748 pelas 6. horas, e tres
quartos da manhã,

_E dos horrorosos estragos, e lamentaveis ruinas, que tem padecido a
Cidade de Valença, Capital daquelle Reino, e mais Lugares
circumvisinhos, conforme as noticias communicadas até o dia 27 do mesmo
mez ao Capitaõ General, Arcebispo, e Intendente, e as que
successivamente vaõ chegando á Corte de Madrid, de donde se communicaraõ
a esta de Lisboa_.


LISBOA.

Na Officina de Francisco Luiz Ameno Impressor da Congregaçaõ Cameraria
da S. Igreja de Lisboa.


Anno M. DCC. XLVIII
_Com as licenças necessarias_.




Hum dos mais espantosos, e formidaveis instrumentos, de que a indignaçaõ
divina usa para castigar aos homens, saõ os terremotos. He este fatal
Meteóro hum ingrato filho da terra, que devendo a esta a sua origem, e
nascimento, tirannamente se lhe conspira, abrindo-a em horrorosas
cavernas, e patenteando-lhe os seus profundos interiores: he hum
tiranno, inseparavel companheiro da morte, que precipita nas dilatadas
sepulturas, que abre, innumeraveis vidas: hum violentissimo instrumento,
que iguala os montes à terra, e a terra ao Abysmo; e finalmente he huma
invisivel furia, que fórma da terra bocas para tragar os viventes, e
darlhes a sepultura primeiro que a morte. Diversas foraõ as opinioens
filosoficas sobre a geraçaõ deste fatal Meteóro. Seneca no primeiro
livro das suas questoens naturaes, Melezetrio, e Anaximenes com outros
antigos Filosofos disseraõ que os terremotos se originavaõ, quando nas
concavidades da terra entrando alguma porçaõ grande de ar, que se
augmente, succede fecharse a caverna por onde entrou, e porque naõ acha
sahida, ficando violento, faz tremor. Thales Milesio, o qual affirmou,
que a terra nadava nas aguas subterraneas, disse que o terremoto
procedia das tempestades, que se originavaõ nas mesmas aguas. Democrito
seguio diversa opiniaõ, porque affirmou, que o terremoto nascia da
grande violencia, com que a agua pluvial se despenha para as
concavidades da terra. Os Filosofos, que seguiraõ a opiniaõ de ser o
mundo animado, ensinaraõ que este horroroso movimento naõ era mais que a
desigual pulsaçaõ das arterias, e obturaçaõ dos meatos vitaes da terra.
Outros escreveraõ, que nas entranhas da terra cahem pedaços disformes de
montes por concavidades, talvez carcomidas das aguas, e que estes
fazendo estremecer a superficie, saõ a causa do tremor. Outros se
persuadiraõ, que a abundancia das exhalaçoens, e humidos vapores, que se
geraõ na terra, quando saõ em tal abundancia, que parece já naõ cabem,
buscaõ desafogo; e ou arrebenta, ou treme, ou se move a terra para os
lançar fóra do ventre. Outros finalmente seguiraõ diversas opinioens,
que por brevidade omittimos; porèm os Filosofos modernos, que com
melhores luzes tem penetrado os occultos segredos da natureza, explicaõ
melhor a geraçaõ deste Meteóro. Dizem que se origina do fogo
subterraneo, o qual comunicandose por occultos caminhos a algumas
cavernas cheyas de enxofre, salitre, carvaõ, e sal amoniaco as inflama,
de que nasce promptissimamente hum fogo impetuoso, que converte em hum
instante as materias salitrosas em vento; e como este naõ possa soffrer
prizaõ alguma, busca com violencia a porta, que a natureza lhe negou.
Daqui nasce impellir com furia os fundam[~e]tos dos montes, e abrindo
brechas pelas partes, que menos lhe resistem, vencer tudo o que se lhe
oppoem, até conseguir a natural liberdade, de que se origina o tremor da
terra, que em taes casos se sente com tanto perigo de muitos, e horror
de todos. Evidentemente se prova esta opiniaõ, com o que se experimenta
nas minas, que voaõ pela violencia da polvora. Inflamase esta na occulta
parte, que fabricou o Artifice no fundamento de huma torre, e
appetecendo pela oppressaõ, que padece mayor lugar, disbarata tudo o que
encontra, e fazendo tremer a terra visinha, leva pelos ares os
edificios, que lhe embaraçavaõ a liberdade. Toda esta violencia tem a
polvora pelo salitre misturado com enxofre, e carvaõ, de que se compoem:
logo achandose nas concavidades da terra estes, e outros materiaes mais
poderosos, que duvida póde haver, para que encendidos pelo fogo
subterraneo hajaõ de fazer estes, e mayores estragos; manifestando deste
modo a natureza a sua indignaçaõ, quando se vê privada da sua natural
liberdade? Naõ movem os terremotos, como a experiencia nos ensina, todo
o globo da terra, mas sim algumas particulares Regioens, o que
horrorosamente testificaõ todos os seculos passados. Em o anno de 346.
tendo o Imperio Constantino Arriano, padeceo Rhodes hum taõ formidavel
terremoto, que quasi se vio toda reduzida a ruinas.[1] S[~e]tio tambem
Roma este mesmo tremor por espaço de tres dias, e doze Cidades da Italia
de hum só impeto se sumergiraõ. No anno de 364. morrendo o Imperador
Constancio Arriano se desfez com hum horrivel terremoto grande parte de
Constantinopla:[2] Honorio affirma, que do mesmo tremor se viraõ
arruinadas muitas Cidades do Oriente. Vindo Carlos Magno no primeiro
anno do seu Imperio à Cidade de Espoleto, houve hum terremoto taõ
violento, que cahiraõ por terra innumeraveis edificios, e entre elles o
tecto da Basilica de Saõ Paulo juntamente com as traves.[3] Tendo o
Imperador Theodosio o dominio do Imperio Romano, se vio em grande
consternaçaõ a Cidade de Constantinopla por causa de hum espantoso
tremor de terra, que durou quatro mezes continuos.[4] Possuindo o mesmo
Imperio Tiberio Cesar, se submergiraõ em huma noite na Asia doze Cidades
pela violencia deste Meteóro.[5] No infausto dia de 7 de Setembro de
1590. experimentou Vienna de Austria os crueis effeitos deste inimigo do
mundo, abrindo-a em horriveis bocas, e prostrando em terra a torre de
Santo Estevaõ, outra fundada na Ponte da Cidade, o Templo da Abbadia
Escotense, e outros muitos edificios.[6] He a Italia a parte da Europa
mais sujeita ás furias dos terremotos, como saõ testemunhas as muitas
reliquias das Cidades arruinadas. Perseguindo os Colonnas ao Papa
Bonifacio VIII. levantou-se por muitos dias em Italia hum taõ grande
tremor de terra, que excedeo a todos, que vivem nas tradiçoens, e nos
escritos.[7] Em o anno de 1456. em que descançava a Tiara Pontificia na
cabeça de Callisto III. acommetteo a Italia outro terremoto taõ
excessivo, que Napoles, Capua, Apulha, com Toscana, e Veneza eraõ humas
continuas ruinas.[8] No anno de 1116. sentio Italia o mesmo mal por
espaço de 40. dias com tanta violencia, que mudou huma Villa para outro
Lugar pouco distante.[9] No anno de 1117. se subverteo por hum horrendo
terremoto a Cidade de Calina em Sicilia, servindo de sepultura a muitas
mil pessoas infelices.[10] Muitos exemplos de Cidades submergidas á
violencia de terremotos podera narrar, se o discurso, que pede huma
breve Relaçaõ o permitisse. Discorrera sobre as ruinas da Cidade de
Sisinoe,[11] da Ilha de Peloponeso,[12] da Cidade de Lisimachia,[13] de
Antiochia,[14] em cujas ruinas morreraõ 15U homens; de muitas Cidades do
Oriente destruidas no quarto anno do Imperio de Constancio; de muitos
Lugares, e Villas de Finicia[15]; do tremendissimo terremoto, que
padeceo a Syria,[16] em cujo estrago perderaõ miseravelmente a vida
muitas mil pessoas, como refere Eutropio; da lastimosa consternaçaõ, em
que se viraõ os moradores da Cidade de Liorne do dominio do Graõ Duque
de Toscana, no grande tremor que sentio aquella Cidade aos 17 de Janeiro
de 1742; e finalmente da grande ruina que experimentou a Cidade de Lima
no Reino do Peru, no anno de 1747. a quem hum grande tremor sepultou
huma grande parte. Porèm deixo estes, e outros exemplos, que pela sua
antiguidade ou saõ desprezados, ou naõ saõ cridos; por que este presente
anno nos offerece hum destes estragos taõ lamentavel, que ao mesmo tempo
nos faz lembrar, e esquecer os antigos. Este he o que experimentou o
Reino de Valença, na sua Capital (_Valença_) e outros povos
circumvisinhos no dia 23 de Março deste presente anno de 1748 pelas 6
horas, e 3 quartos da manhã, segundo as noticias communicadas até o dia
27 do mesmo mez ao Capitaõ General, Arcebispo, e Intendente, e as que
successivamente vaõ chegando á Corte de Madrid, de donde se communicaraõ
a esta de Lisboa. Referem estas, que no mesmo dia, e hora a cima dita
tremêraõ todos os edificios daquella Capital por espaço pouco mais de
hum minuto. Que a torre grande da Igreja Metropolitana da mesma Cidade
chamada o _Micalete_ sem embargo da grande fortaleza da sua fabrica
tremeo nove vezes, dando outros tantos golpes o badallo do sino mayor,
cuja novidade consternou, e poz em grande perturbaçaõ a todo o povo. Que
na antiga Cidade de _Xativa_, chamada hoje _S. Filippe_, que dista nove
legoas da Capital, se experimentou igual tremor ao mesmo tempo, e ainda
com mayor violencia, porque se arruinou parte do seu antigo Castello,
ficou mui abalada, e maltratada a sumptuosa fabrica da sua Igreja
Collegiada, em que se trabalhava havia mais de cem annos, ameaçando
ruina a mayor parte das casas, e edificios daquelle povo. Que no
Convento dos Mercenarios se despegou a meya laranja, e se sobverteo o
seu claustro, e a escada. Que o dos Francìscanos Descalços ficou
inhabitavel. Que as Religiosas de S. Clara temendo a ruina total do seu
Convento largaraõ a clausura havendo executado o mesmo os moradores
daquella Cidade procurando, e tomando asylo nas casas mais pobres, e
barracas dos seus quintaes, aonde formaraõ tendas de campanha para sua
habitaçaõ. Que na _Costera de S. Filippe_, que consta de muitos povos,
se submergiraõ inteiramente os dous chamados _Selent_, e _Forrente de
Boil_, sem que atégora se possa saber certamente o numero das pessoas,
que morreraõ nelles, ficando muito maltratados os mais circumvisinhos.
Que na Villa de _Montesa_ distante duas leguas de _S. Filippe_, situada
na falda de huma montanha, em cuja eminencia havia hum Castello forte,
aonde estava a Real Casa, e sagrado Convento de N. S. de Montesa, e S.
Jorge de Alfama, se experimentou o mayor estrago, arruinando-se o
Castello, e sepultando tres pessoas, que se achavaõ na principal torre
delle, e a Igreja, a tempo que o Prior dava a Communhaõ aos noviços,
morrêraõ todos em numero de 21 pessoas, e livraraõ sómente cinco, que
estavaõ alguma cousa distantes. Alli ficou sepultado o Archivo com os
seus importantes papeis, e documentos da Religiaõ; as preciosas
Reliquias, ornamentos, e vasos sagrados da Igreja, sendo o mais
lamentavel naõ se ter ainda descuberto entre as ruinas as sagradas
fórmas, nem a Custodia, ou ambula, em que estava exposto o Senhor ao
tempo desta ruina: e á sua proporçaõ padeceo semelhante estrago o resto
das mais officinas. Que nos Lugares de _Anna_, _Alcantara_, _Valada_, e
outros povos distantes se sentio o mesmo estrago, destelhando-se algumas
casas, e arruinando-se outras, porque apenas fica Templo, nem edificio
seguro nelles. Que na Villa de _Enguera_ se arruinou a Igreja sepultando
ao Cura, e mais tres pessoas, que estavaõ nella. Aqui se deve advertir
hum raro effeito da Providencia divina, e he que tendo sahido pouco
tempo antes da dita Villa para restituirse a Valença, o Procurador do
Convento do Soccorro da Ordem de S. Agostinho montado em hum cavallo, e
acompanhado de hum moço de pé, em distancia de hum quarto de legua vio
abrirse a terra, e sobverterse o criado, e immediatamente succedeo o
mesmo ao dito Religioso, que achando-se meyo enterrado, o arrojou o
furacaõ a huma azenha immediata, da qual sahio sem acordo, e maltratado,
e tornando logo a buscar o moço, e o cavallo, já naõ achou sinal de
nenhum delles, nem ainda vestigios do sitio em que os tinha perdido, por
cuja causa voltou a _Enguera_, aonde entrou prégando penitencia, e
contando o successo a todo o povo, que se achava em igual afflicçaõ. Que
da Villa de _Carcagente_ se sabe que a Igreja novamente fabricada se
abrio, e tornou logo a unir, cahindo dentro nella a grimpa do
campanario, e o seu Cura morreo de susto. Que de _Alcira_ se sabe terem
padecido muito os Conventos de S. Agostinho, e S. Bernardo, e a Igreja
de S. Maria, arrancando a estatua de S. Bernardo Martyr, que era de
pedra, de extraordinaria grandeza, que estava sobre a ponte,
estendendo-se este damno ás mais Villas, e Lugares da ribeira de
_Xùcar_. Que no lugar de _Chella_ se abrio a Igreja de maneira, que
entrou o Sol dentro nella, e tornando-se a unir, ficou (ao que parece)
boa, ainda que alguma cousa arruinada; e que abrindo-se igualmente a
terra pela parte do rio, que passa por este lugar, sorveo a agua,
deixando-o seco. Que _Venisa_, _Xabea_, _Calpe_, _Denia_, e _Gandia_,
que estaõ na costa do Mediterraneo, e Poente de Valença, sem embargo da
sua grande distancia, as comprehendeo o mesmo infortunio. Que nas Villas
de _Murviedro_, e _Castellon de la Plana_, que estaõ na mesma costa para
a parte do Levante, se sentio o mesmo estrago: e a Igreja dos Dominicos
se abrio de alto abaixo, e juntamente a escada do campanario, naõ sendo
facil por agora averiguar, quãtas sejaõ as pessoas, que tem perecido,
nem o que importará o grande damno daquelle afflicto Reino; mas sim que
pelo seu Capitaõ General, e Arcebispo se tem dado toda a providencia
para implorar a divina misericordia com preces publicas, expondo as
imagens da sua devoçaõ, e patrocinio, concorrendo para o alivio dos
necessitados com suas esmolas; porque todavia continuava o terremoto no
dia 27 em alguns povos, especialmente em _S. Filippe, e Montesa_. Este
he o horrendo castigo com que Deos N. S. punio os peccados destes povos;
e queira o mesmo Senhor que os nossos naõ experimentem o mesmo castigo;
porque a malicia dos homens faz justificada a sua vingança.

FIM.




Notas:

[1] _Sigon. lib. 5. Imper. Occid._

[2] _Eutrop. lib. II._

[3] _Bonvisus, l. 6 cap. 15._

[4] _Paul. Diac. liv. 14._

[5] _Plin. l. 2._

[6] _Descrip. Vienna. Tab. 21._

[7] _Platina na vida deste Papa._

[8] _Sab. l. 6. Enn. 10._

[9] _Bonvis. lib. 6. cap. 15_

[10] _Robert. Ab. in Chron._

[11] _Paus. in Cor._

[12] _Diod. lib. 15._

[13] _Sab. l. 8. En. 4._

[14] _Sig. l. 17. Imper. Occid._

[15] _Strab. lib. 11_

[16] _Eutr op. lib. 10._





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