The Project Gutenberg EBook of Catalogo Instructivo de las Colecciones Mineralogicas by E. Hermitte and G. Bodenbender This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: Catalogo Instructivo de las Colecciones Mineralogicas Author: E. Hermitte and G. Bodenbender Release Date: December 22, 2006 [Ebook #20159] Language: Spanish Character set encoding: US-ASCII ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CATALOGO INSTRUCTIVO DE LAS COLECCIONES MINERALOGICAS*** REPUBLICA ARGENTINA MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA DIVISION DE MINAS, GEOLOGIA E HIDROLOGIA Catalogo Instructivo de las Colecciones Mineralogicas ESCOLARES E. HERMITTE - Jefe de la Division G. Bodenbender - Jefe de la Seccion Geologia BUENOS AIRES Talleres de publicationes de la Oficina Meteorologica 1905 I. CARACTERES MORFOLOGICOS CRISTALES--(sueltos o en agregados). Cubo de Pirita de No 5a No 5a* hierro Deltoedro del " 92 Analcima Dodecaedro " 72 " 34* y 34a* rombico, Deltoedro o combinacion de los dos (Granate) Piramide hexagonal " 26a del Cuarzo Piramide hexagonal " 26 " 16* con prisma del Cuarzo Romboedro del " 43 " 23* y 24* Espato calizo Escalenoedro del " 44 Espato calizo Cristales rombicos " 64 (prisma con pinacoide) de la Baritina Prisma monoclinico " 59 con hemipiramide (incompleta) del Yeso Prisma monoclinico " 90 del Feldespato NOTA.--Los numeros con estrella se refleren a la coleccion escolar primaria, los otros a la coleccion escolar secundaria. TEXTURA DE DE LOS AGREGADOS. (Forma interior) 1) _Agregados granulosos._ (Grano grueso, medio grueso y fino, con transiciones al fibroso y laminar). Hierro magnetico " 35 " 19* Marmol " 50 " 43* Sal comun " 40 " 20* Yeso, etc " 62 " 30* 2) _Agregados fibrosos_.--(Gruesos, medio gruesos,finos, paralelos, radiados, reticulados, etcetera). Yeso " 60 " 29* Boronatrocalcita " 42 " 22* Asbesto " 84 " 36* 3) _Agregados laminares_--hojosos, micaceos. Yeso " 61 Mica " 74 " 33* Hematita, etc. " 21 4) _Agregados homogencos_. Onix-Marmol " 19 " 26* NOTA.--Los agregados compactos estan en contraposicion a los porosos. FORMAS EXTERIORES DE LOS AGREGADOS. 1) _Estalactitas_ " 47 2) _Alambres y chapas_: Oro, Plata, Cobre " 2, 3, 4 " 2*, 3*, y 4* 3) _Concreciones_: Tosca " 51 " 44* Boronatrocalcita " 42 " 22* 4) _Drusas_. (Secreciones): Espato de cal " 43 Analcima " 92 5) _Costras, revestimientos, pegaduras_: Azurita " 58 " 28* Descloizita " 71 6) _Eflorescencias_: Alumbre " 65 Sulfato de " 66 magnesio 7) _Embutidas_: Granate en " 73 feldespato, etc. Hierro cromifero " 36 en Serpentina 8) _Vetas o " 19 filones_. (Agregados de orden superior) Galena, blenda, etc., con cuarzo o espato de hierro, etc. FOSILES.--(Formas organicas) Plantas fosiles " 100 " 50* (carbonizadas) Madera fosil " 34 " 18* silicificada Animales fosiles " 99 " 49* SEUDOMORFISMO. (Epigenias): Hierro pardo en " 6 cubos, por descomposicion de pirita de hierro MACLAS. (Gemelos), multiples, caracterizados por estriamiento sobre los planos de clivaje. Espato de cal " 45 II. CARACTERES FISICOS CLIVAJE, (o cruceros): A) Segun la posicion de los planos de clivaje: 1) _Octaedrico:_ Hierro magnetico " 35 2) _Cubico:_ Galena " 7 " 6* 3) _Romboedrico:_ Espato de cal " 45 y 46 " 23* y 24* 4) _Prismatico:_ Antimonita " 12 Enargita " 17 B) Segun el grado de perfeccion: 1) _Sumamente perfecto_: Mica " 74 " 33* 2) _Muy perfecto_: Galena " 7 y 8 " 6* Espato de cal " 45 y 46 " 23* y 24* 3) _Imperfecto o muy imperfecto._ Cuarzo " 26 y 27 " 16* Granate " 72 FRACTURA.--A) Segun la forde la superficie: 1) _Concoidal_: (factura del vidrio grueso) (Obsidiana). 2) _Desigual_: Pirita de hierro " 5 Cuarzo " 86 " 17* 3) _Llana_. Piedra Cornea. B) Segun la calidad de de la superficie: _Lisa_: Piedra cornea y Calcedonia. 2) _Astillosa_: Triplita " 70 3) _Erizada_: Oro, Plata, Cobre " 2, 3, 4 " 2*, 3* y 4* 4) _Terrosa_: Hematita ocracea " 22 " 11* Kaolina " 94 " 37* DUREZA.--Escala de dureza: 1) Talco " 80 2) Yeso " 62 " 30* 3) Espato de cal " 45 " 23* 4) Espato fluor " 41 " 21* 5) Apatita " 69 6) Ortoclasa " 91 " 35* 7) Cuarzo " 28 " 16* 8) Topacio. 9) Corindon. 10) Diamante. 1) Minerales muy blandos, rayados por la una (grados 1 hasta 3) Oro, Plata, Cobre " 2, 3, 4 " 2*, 3* y 4* Galena " 7 " 6* Sal comun " 40 " 20* Yeso " 60 y 63 " 29* y 30* Mica " 74 " 33* Kaolina " 94 " 37* 2) Minerales que no son rayados por la una, pero si por la punta de un cuchillo (grados 3 hasta 5). Blenda " 10 " 7* Calcita " 43 " 22* Espato fluor " 41 " 21* 3) Minerales que no son rayados por la punta de un cuchillo (grados 6 en adelante). Feldespato. No 91 No 35* Cuarzo " 28 " 16* y 17* Granate etc. " 72 " 34* TENACIDAD _1_) _fragiles:_ Pirita de hierro " 5 " 5* Cuarzo " 26 etc. " 17* Caliza etc. " 43 " " 22* y 23* 2) _Sectiles:_ " 9 Chalcosina Talco " 81 3) _Maleables_ " 2, 3, 4 " 2, 3, 4* (ductil): Oro, Plata, Cobre 4) _Elasticos:_ " 74 " 33* Mica 5) _Flexibles_ (Clorita, Talco, Asbesto). LUSTRE a)--_Segun cantidad. Mui lustroso:_ Mica " 74 " 33* Espato de Islandia " 45 " 23* _Lustroso:_ Galena " 7 " 6* Granate " 72 " 34* _Poco lustroso:_ Feldespato " 91 " 35* Berilo " 88 _Mate:_ Caolina " 94 " 37* _b) Segun calidad: Metalico:_ Oro, Plata, Cobre " 2, 3, y 4 " 2*, 3* y 4* Pirita de hierro " 5 " 5* etc. _Diamantino:_ (Diamente)--_Vidrioso:_ Espato de cal " 45 " 23* Cuarzo (sobre las caras " 26 " 16* de los cristales _Grasoso:_ (o " 26 y 27 " 16 y 17* resinoso): Cuarzo sobre los planos de de fractura) Wolframita (sobre los " 67 " 31* planos de fractura _Perlado:_ (nacarado). Mica " 74 " 33* Crisotila " 83 " 36* _Sedoso:_ Wolastonita " 85 Aragonita " 52 Alumbre " 65 Boronatrocalcita " 22 " 22* DIAFANIDAD: _Transparente:_ Espato de Islandia " 45 " 23* _Semi-transparente:_ Cuarzo " 26 " 16* _Translucido:_ Onyx " 49 " 26* _Semi translucido:_ Feldespato " 90 " 35* _Opacos:_ Oro, Plata, Pirita de hierro, etc. COLOR: _Minerales incoloros_ (en su estado puro) Cuarzo " 26 " 16* Sal comun " 40 " 20* Espato de Islandia " 45 " 23* 2) _Minerales con colores_ propios (idiocromaticos) Oro, Plata, Cobre. Pirita de hierro " 5 " 5* Malaquita " 56 " 28* 3) _Minerales con colores accidentales_ (alocromaticos) Cuarzo rosado " 29 " 17* Onyx--Marmol " 49 " 26* Espato-Fluor " 41 " 21* Granate " 72 " 34* Feldespato " 91 " 35* COLORES METALICOS: _Blancos:_ Blanco de plata " 3 " 4* (Blanco de estano) _Amarillos:_ De oro " 2 " 2* De bronce " 5 " 5* De laton " 13 " 9* _Gris:_ De plomo " 7 " 6* _Rojo:_ De cobre " 4 " 3* _Negro:_ De acero hasta negro de hierro Enargita " 17 " 10* Hematita " 20 " 12* Pirolusita " 24 " 13* COLORES NO METALICOS: _Blancos_ (tipo blanco de nieve): Yeso Nº 60 Nº 29* y 30* Caliza " 46 y 47 " 24* y 25* Wolastonita " 85 _Grises_ (tipo gris de ceniza): Tierra de " 33 infusorios _Negros_ (tipo negro de terciopelo): Turmalina " 76 " 32* Carbon de piedra " 97 " 38* _Azules_ (tipo azul de Prusia): Azurita " 58 " 28* _Verdes_ (tipo verde de esmeralda): Malaquita " 56 " 28* Onix-marmol " 49 " 26* Crisocola " 79 Apatita " 69 Epidota " 77 y 78 Serpentina " 82 _Amarillos_ (tipo amarillo de limon). Azufre " 1 " 1* Ocre de hierro " 39 " 15* _Rojos_ (tipo rojo-carmesi): Hematita ocracea " 22 " 11* Cuarzo rosado " 29 " 17* _Pardos_ (tipo pardo de castano): Limonita " 37 " 14* Triplita " 70 RAYA (color del polvo del mineral): 1) Minerales incoloros (al estado puro) o alocromaticos. Tienen por lo comun un polvo blanco o gris: Cuarzo rosado " 29 " 17* Espato fluor " 4 " 21* Turmalina " 76 " 32* Feldespato " 91 " 35* 2) Minerales con colores propios (idiocromaticos). El color del mineral y de su polvo no difieren o son por lo menos parecidos: Galena (polvo " 7 " 6* gris-oscuro) Hematita (polvo " 20 " 11* rojo-parduzco) Malaquita (polvo " 56 " 28* verde) 3) Minerales maleables. Se ponen lustrosos por frotamiento: Oro, plata, cobre. COLORES MULTIPLES (por agregacion): Espato fluor " 41 " 21* COLORES SUPERFICIALES (abigarrados, en mayor parte debido a una descomposicion quimica): Pirita de cobre " 13, 14 " 9* IRISACION: Espato de Islandia. FOSFORESCENCIA: Cuarzo, Espato fluor, etc. DOBLE REFRACCION: Espato de Islandia. etc. ELECTRICIDAD: _Azufre_, Cuarzo, Espato calizo, Mica, Turmalina. MAGNETISMO: Hierro 35 " 19* magnetico PESO ESPECIFICO: (Densidad) 0,6 .. 1 Kerosene, Agua 1 .. 1,5 Hulla. 1,5 .. 2,0 Alumbre. 2,0 .. 2,5 Yeso, Sal comun. 2,5 .. 3,0 Cuarzo, Calcita, Feldespato. 3,0 .. 3,5 Espato Fluor, Turmalina. 3,5 .. 4,0 Malaquita, Azurita. 4,0 .. 4,5 Pirita de cobre, Blenda. 4,5 .. 5,5 Pirita de hierro, Cobre gris. 5,5 .. 6,5 _Magnetita,_ Chalcosina. 6,5 .. 8 Cerusita, Casiterita, Galena. 8,5 .. 10,0 Cobre, Bismuto. 10,0 .. 14,0 Plata, Plomo, Mercurio. 15,0 .. 21 Oro, platino. 21,5 .. 23 Iridio. III. CARACTERES FISIOLOGICOS 1) Por frotamiento emite olor a azufre: Pirita de hierro " 5 " 5* 2) Cuando se le echa el aliento emite olor terroso: Kaolina y tierras " 94 " 37* 3) Se pega a la lengua: Kaolina y tierras " 94 " 37* 4) Untuoso al tacto; Talco " 81 5) Sabor salino: Sal comun " 40 " 20* 6) Sabor salino amargo: Sulfato de " 66 magnesio 7) Sabor metalico: Vitriolo de cobre. IV. CARACTERES QUIMICOS(1) FUSIBILIDAD 1) Minerales facilmente fusibles (fusibles con la llama de una vela: Antimonita, Sal comun. 2) Dificilmente fusibles a un globulito: Granate (Almandina). 3) Facilmente fusibles en astillas finas: Feldespato. 4) Dificilmente fusibles en astillas: Bronzita. 5) Infusibles a la llama del soplete: Cuarzo. Segun Kobell, hay siete grades de fusibilidad. 1) Antimonita. 2) Natrolita. 3) Almandina. 4) Actinolita. 5) Ortoclasa. 6) Bronzita. 7) Cuarzo. SUBLIMACION: (total o parcial). Azufre, Pirita de hierro, SOLUBILIDAD: _A)_ En agua: _Sal comun._ _B)_ En acido clorhidrico: 1) Con desprendimiento de acido carbonico: _Caliza._ 2) Con desprendimiento de cloro: _Pirolusita._ 3) Con desprendimiento de acido sulfhidrico: _Blenda._ _C)_ En acido nitrico, con desprendimiento de bioxido de nitrogeno (vapores rutilantes): _Hierro magnetico._ _D_) Parcialmente solubles en los acidos: 1) Sulfuros, solubles en acido nitrico concentrado, con separacion de azufre: _Blenda, Pirita de hierro_. 2) Silicatos solubles en acido clorhidrico con separacion de acido silicico. _a_) Bajo la forma de polvo arenoso: _Serpentina_. _b_) Bajo la forma de masa gelatinosa: _Wolastonita_. 3) Wolframatos solubles (en polvo muy fino) en acido clorhidrico concentrado, separandose acido wolframico: _Wolframita_. _E_) Insolubles en los acidos _Cuarzo, Espato fluor_, _Feldespato_. DISGREGACION DE MINERALES INSOLUBLES EN LOS ACIDOS por fusion con carbonatos alcalinos: _Cuarzo, Feldespato._ INVESTIGACION DE LOS COMPONENTES MAS IMPORTANTES. _Agua_. Agua higroscopica: Sal comun. Agua de cristalizacion: Yeso. Agua de cristalizacion y de constitucion: Serpentina. _Acido sulfhidrico o azufre:_ Galena, Blenda. _Acido clorhidrico:_ Sal comun. _Acido fluorhidrico:_ Espato fluor. _Acido sulfurico:_ Yeso. _Acido fosorico:_ Apatita. _Acido carbonico:_ Espato de cal, Cerusita. _Acido silicico: Serpentina, Feldespato, Wolastonita._ _Cobre:_ Pirita de cobre. Crisocola. _Zinc:_ Blenda. _Plomo:_ Galena. Cerusita. _Hierro:_ Pirita de hierro. Hierro magnetico. _Antimonio:_ Antimonita. Enargita. _Arsenico:_ Hierro arsenical. _Manganeso:_ Pirolusita. Wolframita. _Aluminio:_ Alumbre. Ortoclasa. _Calcio:_ Espato de cal. Yeso. _Magnesio:_ Sulfato de magnesio. _Sodio:_ Sal comun. _Potasio:_ Feldespato. COLECCION DE MUESTRAS DE ENSAYO N.º 1 Blenda. " 2 Galena. " 3 Pirita de hierro. " 4 Limonita o Hematita. " 5 Cuarzo. " 6 Pirolusita. " 7 Espato fluor. " 8 Sal comun. " 9 Espato calizo. " 10 Cerusita. " 11 Yeso. " 12 Sulfato de magnesia. " 13 Apatita. " 14 Wolframita. " 15 Serpentina. " 16 Wolastonita. " 17 Crisocola. " 18 Feldespato. ALGUNOS EJEMPLOS DE LA FORMACION DE MINERALES A) _Minerales formados en disoluciones acuosas por evaporacion del agua:_ Sal comun Nº 40 Yeso " 59 Calcedonia " 31 Cuarzo " 27 cristalizado B) _Minerales formados en disoluciones acuosas cargadas de acido carbonico, por evaporacion de este ultimo._ Espato calizo Nº 44, etc. (dentro de grietas que cruzan el marmol. Estalactitas " 47 (dentro de cavernas en caliza). Travertina " 48 (en agua bajo la accion de plantas). Onyx-Marmol " 49 (en aguas calientes) C) _Minerales formados por procesos quimicos; par la accion del oxigeno, del acido carbonico y del agua:_ 1) Limonita, por Nº 38 descomposicion de Pirita de hierro 3) Cerusita, por " 53 descomposicion de Galena 4) Malaquita por " 4 descomposicion de Cobre 5) Analcima, por " 92 descomposicion de Basalto 6) Caolina, por " 94 descomposicion de Feldespato D) _Minerales formados en una masa fusion (rocas eruptivas)_ Feldespato en " 91 granito Cuarzo " 28 Mica en granito " 74 Anfibol " 86 E) _Minerales en filones metalicos, como: Galena, Pirita de hierro, Blenda, etc., formados:_ 1) por procedimientos de disoluciones acuosas, ej.: sulfato de hierro, ha sido reducido a sulfuro de hierro, o 2) por accion del gas sulfhidrico (o sulfuros alcalinos) sobre disoluciones; ej.: carbonato de plomo, transformado en galena: 3) por sublimacion de gases (casos raros) 4) por reduccion de sus disoluciones o de minerales compuestos: oro nativo por reduccion de cloruro de oro; cobre nativo en parte por reduccion de oxido de cobre (cobre rojo) o de malaquita (carbonato de cobre) ***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CATALOGO INSTRUCTIVO DE LAS COLECCIONES MINERALOGICAS*** CREDITS December 22, 2006 Project Gutenberg Edition Adrian Mastronardi Joshua Hutchinson Online Distributed Proofreading Team This file was produced from images generously made available by the Bibliotheque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) at http://gallica.bnf.fr A WORD FROM PROJECT GUTENBERG This file should be named 20159.txt or 20159.zip. 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