SURGICAL ANATOMY by  JOSEPH MACLISE

Transcriber's Glossary

Here are the definitions of some words used in the text. Medical terms
are defined only relating to humans. Words are omitted that have
ambiguous or technical meanings not expressible in lay language.


acromial (acromion)
  Outward end of the spine of the scapula or shoulder blade.

adipose
  Consisting of, resembling, or relating to fat.

anasarca
  Pronounced, generalized edema; accumulation of serous fluid in various
  tissues and cavities of the body.

anastomosing (anastomoses, anastomosis)
  Communication between blood vessels by means of collateral channels,
  when usual routes are obstructed. Opening between two organs or spaces
  that normally are not connected.

aneurism
  Localized blood-filled dilatation of a blood vessel caused by disease
  or weakening of the vessel's wall.

anthropotomist (anthropotomy)
  One versed in human anatomy.

aorta (aortic)
  Main trunk of the arterial system, conveying blood from the left
  ventricle of the heart to all of the body except the lungs.

apices (plural of apex)
  Pointed end of an object; the tip.

aponeurosis
  Sheet-like fibrous membrane, resembling a flattened tendon, that
  serves as a fascia to bind muscles together or as a means of
  connecting muscle to bone.

armamentaria
  Complete equipment of a physician or medical institution, including
  books, supplies, and instruments.

auscultation
  Listening, either directly or through a stethoscope or other
  instrument, to sounds within the body as a method of diagnosis.

axilla (axillary)
  Armpit.

azygos
  Occurring singly; not one of a pair.

bifid
  Separated or cleft into two equal parts or lobes.

biliary
  Relating to bile, the bile ducts, or the gallbladder; transporting
  bile.

bistoury
  Long, narrow surgical knife for minor incisions.

bougie
  Slender, flexible instrument introduced into body passages, to dilate,
  examine, or medicate.

brachial (brachio)
  Belonging to the arm.

bubonocele
  Inguinal hernia, in which the protrusion of the intestine is limited
  to the region of the groin.

cannula
  Metal tube for insertion into the body to draw off fluid or to
  introduce medication.

carotid
  Two large arteries, one on each side of the head.

cephalic
  Relating to the head.

cervical
  Pertaining to the neck.

chlorotic
  Benign iron-deficiency anemia in adolescent girls, marked by a pale
  yellow-green complexion.

clavicle
  Either of two slender bones extending from the upper part of the
  sternum (breastbone) to the shoulder.

coaptation
  Joining together of two surfaces, such as the edges of a wound or the
  ends of a broken bone.

condyle
  Smooth surface area at the end of a bone, forming part of a joint.

costal
  Pertaining to the ribs or the upper sides of the body.

cremaster
  Suspensory muscle of the testis.

crural
  Relating to the leg or thigh.

director
  A smoothly grooved instrument used with a knife to limit the incision
  of tissues.

distal
  Situated away from the point of origin or attachment.

dropsy (dropsical) (edema)
  Swelling from excessive accumulation of watery fluid in cells,
  tissues, or serous cavities

emphysema
  Chronic, irreversible disease of the lungs; abnormal enlargement of
  air spaces in the lungs accompanied by destruction of the tissue
  lining the walls of the air spaces.

emunctory
  Organ or duct that removes or carries waste from the body.

epigastric (epigastrium)
  Upper middle region of the abdomen.

episternal
  See sternum.

esophagus
  See oesophagus.

euphoneously (euphoniously)
  Pleasant in sound; agreeable to the ear;

exigence
  Urgency, need, demand, or requirement intrinsic to a circumstance.

extravasation
  Exuding or passing out of a vessel into surrounding tissues; said of
  blood, lymph or urine

fascia
  A band of connective tissue supporting, or binding together internal
  organs or parts of the body.

femoral
  Pertaining to, or situated at, in, or near the thigh or femur.

fistula
  Abnormal duct or passage resulting from injury, disease, or a
  congenital disorder that connects an abscess, cavity, or hollow organ
  to the body surface or to another hollow organ.

foramen (foramina)
  Opening, orifice, or short passage, as in a bone.

fossa (fossae)
  Small cavity or depression, as in a bone.

hepatic
  Pertaining to the liver.

herniae (hernia)
  Protrusion of an organ or tissue through an opening in its surrounding
  walls, especially in the abdomen.

humerus
  Bone in the arm of humans extending from the shoulder to the elbow.

hydragogue
  Cathartics that aid in the removal of edematous fluids and thus
  promote the discharge of watery fluid from the bowels.

hydrocele
  An accumulation of serous fluid, usually about the testis.

hydrops
  See dropsy. Edema.

iliac artery
  Common iliac artery--either of two large arteries that conduct blood
  to the pelvis and the legs. External iliac artery--the outer branch of
  an iliac artery that becomes the femoral artery. Hypogastric
  artery--internal iliac artery; the inner branch of an iliac artery
  that conducts blood to the gluteal region.

infundibuliform
  Shaped like a funnel.

inguinal
  Relating to, or located in the groin.

innominate
  Designated parts otherwise unnamed; as, the innominate artery, a great
  branch of the arch of the aorta; the innominate vein, a great branch
  of the superior vena cava.

inosculate
  Unite by openings; connect or join so as to become or make continuous,
  as fibers; blend, unite intimately

integument
  Natural covering, coating, enclosure, etc., as a skin, shell, or rind.

laryngotomy
  Cutting into the larynx, from the outside of the neck, to assist
  respiration, or to remove foreign bodies.

ligature
  Thread or wire for constriction of blood vessels or for removing
  tumors by strangulation.

lithotomy
  Surgery to remove one or more stones from an organ or duct.

meatus
  Body opening such as the opening of the ear or the urethral canal.

metamorphosis
  Profound change in form from one stage to the next, as from the
  caterpillar to the pupa and from the pupa to the adult butterfly.

micturition
  Passing urine; urination.

nares (naris)
  Nostrils or the nasal passages.

nisus
  Effort or endeavor to realize an aim.

occiput
  Back part of the head or skull.

oesophagus (esophagus)
  Muscular membranous tube for the passage of food from the pharynx to
  the stomach.

osseous
  Bone, bony;

palmar
  Pertaining to, or located in the palm of the hand.

paracentesis
  Puncture of the wall of a cavity to drain off fluid.

parietes
  Wall of a body part, organ, or cavity.

parotid
  Salivary gland situated at the base of each ear; near the ear.

percussion
  Striking or tapping the surface the body for diagnostic or therapeutic
  purposes.

pericardii (pericardium)
  A double membranous sac protecting the heart. The layer in contact
  with the heart is referred to as the visceral layer, the outer layer
  in contact with surrounding organs is the parietal pericardium.

peritoneum (peritonaeum)
  Serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and folds
  inward to enclose the viscera.

pharynx (pharyngeal)
  The cavity, with its surrounding membrane and muscles, that connects
  the mouth and nasal passages with the esophagus.

physiology (physiologist)
  Biological study of the functions of living organisms and their parts.

platysma
  Broad, thin muscle on each side of the neck, from the upper part of
  the shoulder to the corner of the mouth. They wrinkle the skin of the
  neck and depresses the corner of the mouth.

pleura
  Thin serous membrane in mammals that envelops each lung and folds back
  to make a lining for the chest cavity.

pleuritic (pleurisy)
  Inflammation of the pleura, often as a complication of a disease such
  as pneumonia, accompanied by accumulation of fluid in the pleural
  cavity, chills, fever, and painful breathing and coughing.

plexus
  Network, as of nerves or blood vessels.

pneumothorax
 Air or gas in the pleural cavity.

popliteal
  Relating to the hollow part of the leg behind the knee joint.

probang
  Long, slender, elastic rod with a sponge at the end. It is introduced
  into the esophagus or larynx to remove foreign bodies or introduce
  medication.

pudic
  Pertaining to the external organs of generation.

pyriform
  Shaped like a pear.

radius
  Bone of the forearm on the thumb side. (See ulnar)

ramus
  A branch, as of a nerve, or blood vessel.

raphe
  Seamlike union between two parts or halves of an organ.

ratiocination
  Logical reasoning.

sacculated
  Formed with or having saclike expansions.

scirrhus
  Hard dense cancerous growth usually arising from connective tissue.

septa
  Thin partition dividing two cavities or soft masses of tissue.

sternum
  Bones extending along the middle line of the ventral portion of the
  body of most vertebrates, consisting in humans of a flat, narrow bone
  connected with the clavicles and the true ribs; breastbone.

stricture
  Abnormal narrowing of a duct or passage.

subclavian
  Beneath the clavicle.

submaxillary
  Pertaining to the lower jaw.

sui generis
  The only example of its kind; a class of its own; unique

superficies
  Outward appearance.

sutural
  Junction of two bones.

symphysis
  Growing together, or the fixed or nearly fixed union, of bones.

taxis
  Replacing of a displaced part, or the reducing of a hernia, by
  manipulation without cutting.

tegument (tegumentary, integument)
  Natural outer covering.

thorax (thoracic)
  Trunk between the neck and the abdomen, containing the cavity enclosed
  by the ribs, sternum, and certain vertebrae, containing the heart,
  lungs, etc.; chest.

trachea (tracheal)
  Tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the
  lungs. Windpipe.

trephine (trephining)
  Small circular saw with a center pin mounted on a strong hollow metal
  shaft, used to remove circular disks of bone from the skull.

trocar
  Sharp-pointed instrument enclosed in a cannula, used for withdrawing
  fluid from a cavity, as the abdominal cavity.

tunica vaginalis
  Pouch of serous membrane covering the testis and derived from the
  peritoneum.

venesection (venisection, phlebotomy)
  Opening a vein by incision or puncture to remove blood as a
  therapeutic treatment.

viz.
  Contraction of  the Latin "videre licet" meaning "it is permissible to
  see," The -z- is not a letter, but originally a twirl, representing
  the symbol for the ending -et. Usually read as "namely."

ulnar
  Bone of the forearm on the side opposite to the thumb. (See radius)

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